Product Review of Do 2 Learn

Item Review of Do 2 Learn Visit Their Website Looking for feelings cards to use as a major aspect of my social abilities programs and the article I composed on Emotional Literacy, I discovered Do2Learn.com, an extraordinary asset for feelings, yet with a scope of different contributions. Not everything on offer is of equivalent quality or worth, however the one of a kind nature of the free games and social expertise tunes make the entire site worth adding it to your top choices. With an end goal to make a full contribution of exercises just as their very intuitive games, the distributer set up a faltering craftsmanship and composing exercises. They are excessively basic, need a lot of explicitness and repeat things that are free on different destinations. The intelligent games, then again, are super for kids with inabilities, particularly understudies with poor abilities and an enthusiasm for PCs. They are additionally extraordinary for study halls with Smart Boards or Promethean Boards, as these sheets go about as goliath contact screens, and understudies with poor engine abilities get a touch of gross engine action in too. A Mix of Free and Inexpensive Games and Resources The free PC games and tunes accompany some buddy exercises, which are commonly sold as modest computerized records conveyed to your email. Assets for Emotions I unearthed the site looking for feelings cards. I have a set that was at that point in my study hall, yet I needed to discover different assets to prescribe to my perusers. I unearthed the sentiments cards thatâ you can print on your shading printer. It utilizes the essences of genuine models, faces that reflect differing ages, races and ethnic foundations. What's more, when I found the ​Feelings Game, another free asset, I was enchanted. I have been utilizing it with my group on the Smart Board in my study hall. My understudies alternate tapping the miserable or furious individual on the button. It likewise has three levels, from coordinating the face to the feeling, proceeding onward level 2, where you read a situation, and pick how an individual would feel, lastly perusing a situation and naming the feeling you see on the people face. There is a second free action is the Facial Expressions game, which permits kids to control facial reproductions to reflect human outward appearances. Here and there they appear to be somewhat frightening, however understudies on the chemical imbalance range love the PC, and it helps them disengage explicit parts of outward appearances, from the heading of the eyes to the state of the mouth. A Cursory Survey of Disabilities and Disabilities Terms It appears that the designers of Do2Learn are endeavoring to make a thorough custom curriculum site, however the educational pages are superficial, best case scenario. The incapacities areas offer the two meanings of the handicaps and a connecting page that rundowns systems. Furthermore, List is the correct word: the methodologies are thick and dont give the rationale behind picking explicit intercessions. They are not composed with enough particularity to advise the amateur, nor enough structure to assist proficient with arranging mediations. Worksheets and Activities for Students with Disabilities The Do 2 Learn group additionally endeavor to give an expansive scope of exercises, exercises for understudies from a scope of ages, inabilities and difficulties. I work in a similar field, and know the difficulties of making alluring worksheets and materials to help the scope of requirements for kids. They incorporate fine engine exercises like cutting, letter acknowledgment and Math exercises. I discover the exercises they make beneficial, however with poor creation esteems. Definitely, don't hesitate to utilize them, however they are not the explanation behind an excursion to Do 2 Learn. Picture Cards Do2Learn has made their own photos cards to be utilized for Picture Exchange. They appear to be truly complete, and may function as an appropriate substitute for PECS, Boardmaker images or Pogo Symbols. They guarantee to have more than 2,000 images, however without access to their image making framework, its difficult to check the range and clarity of the photos. In any case, Id look at them before buying one of the other two frameworks. Do 2 Learn: The Destination for the Feelings and Emotions Resources Put Do 2 Learn in your top choices, on the off chance that you are doing social aptitudes and enthusiastic education exercises. These are exceptional. The shading and math Mahjong games will be a good time for your understudies, also. Put alternate ways on the PCs your understudies use, particularly for youthful understudies or understudies with rising aptitudes. They will appreciate them. Different exercises that make it worth the outing are the social aptitude tunes for wellbeing. Not melodies you will need on your IPod; despite everything, combined with short recordings they are infectious and will assist youthful understudies with handicaps recall significant strides to ensure individual wellbeing. Definitely, make the outing. Look at Do2Learn and check whether they have assets you can utilize. Visit Their Website

Sociological explanation of the rise of cohabitation, divorce and remarriage Essay Example

Sociological clarification of the ascent of dwelling together, separation and remarriage Essay Today, practically 25% of 18-multi year olds are living together, it has been proposed this is currently an option in contrast to marriage. Be that as it may, just a little level of ladies are living together consistently and most of cohabitees are in a phase which continues marriage or experiencing the procedure of a separation. For instance, the greater part of acts of living together keep going for under two years and the explanation the fundamental purpose behind separation is their choice to get hitched. This is connected to the choice to have kids or the way that the lady is as of now pregnant. There are three sorts of conjugal breakdown, separate, which is a lawful disintegration of marriage, division, this is the place accomplices live separated and void shell relationships, where the couples stay wedded however have separate passionate and public activities. Since 1971, relationships have fallen by one-fifth and separation have multiplied, this recommends a breakdown in the organization of the family however it could be contended that the entirety of this occurred because of troubled relationships which are probably going to end in separate and the quantity of void shell relationships has declined. The separation rate mostly reflects lawful changes. At the point when the law was changed to make separate from simpler to get, there turned into an expansion in the numbers applying for separate. This isn't a course of separation however an impression of miserable relationships. Goode has contended that this procedure of advancement is a piece of a more extensive procedure of secularization in western social orders, by which he implies that it mirrors the decrease in the foundation of religion. There is presently less shame connected to it as society as acknowledged it. We will compose a custom paper test on Sociological clarification of the ascent of living together, separation and remarriage explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Sociological clarification of the ascent of dwelling together, separation and remarriage explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Sociological clarification of the ascent of dwelling together, separation and remarriage explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Instances of the abrupt increment in separate incorporate the Divorce Reform Act which came into power in 1971 and in 1984 the shortening of the period that a couple must be hitched before they could request of for separate. The separation rate is a practically careful impression of the continuous progression of separation in the twentieth century. In 1969 the law was changed with the goal that hopeless breakdown of marriage turned into the main explanation behind separation. This implied partition for a long time if the two accomplices needed separation or division for a long time for a long time if just one accomplice needed separation. It must be recollected that adjustments in the law reflects changes in general assessment, so we can't state that the adjustments in separate from laws caused an ascent in separate, rather they permitted an ascent in separate. Goode has proposed that truly marriage in many social orders did not depend on affection, yet should be a financial relationship with constrained assumptions about friendship. Accomplices didn't anticipate that marriage should give association and sexual fulfilments as we do today. This connects to another humanist, Parsons who asserts that the family has lost its more extensive capacities and rather today is consigned to giving the passionate needs that are not accessible in the more extensive society. Moreover, the decrease in the more distant family and the transition to the family unit places more noteworthy passionate weights on the less relatives. The aftereffect of this enthusiastic stacking is that the family turns into a passionate weight cooker, with the head of feelings prompting odds of a blast. In the event that the family neglects to give all the enthusiastic and social needs, at that point the marriage separates. Changing mentalities of ladies, seventy five percent of separations are begun by spouses. This proposes: the expanding financial autonomy of ladies, the expanding convictions in their own privileges and the accessibility of lawful guide for separate have permitted them the chance and want to separate in the event that they feel confined in their marriage. Customarily, the prevailing monetary job and the estimations of male controlled society implied that it was hard for spouses to start procedures. The casual social control and network pressure which helped union with stay set up have debilitated because of expanding urbanization and the related decrease in network. Conjugal breakdown happens with more noteworthy recurrence among certain social gatherings than others. There are higher separation rates among the working and lower classes. The more youthful the accomplices at marriage, the higher the odds of separation. This reflects conceivable passionate adolescence, the way that the lady is bound to be pregnant at marriage or their self-awareness may happen at various paces and in various ways. Be that as it may, the expansion in living together and the accessibility of terminations and contraceptions have diminished the quantities of individuals wedding youthful or when the accomplice is pregnant with an un-arranged pregnancy. Over 90% of individuals despite everything wed today. In spite of the fact that separation rates are high, remarriages are high as well, recommending that individuals may dismiss their accomplices yet they are not dismissing the establishment of marriage. In any case, living together is expanding quickly and it is currently ordinary to live together before marriage. Separation has expanded quickly since the 1960s and the principal relationships have declined. The proceeding with prevalence of marriage is reflected in the way that the individuals what divorce's identity is still prone to remarry. The expansion in separate reflects changing mentalities and desires from marriage and the way that separation is currently simpler to acquire.

Back to School 101 Heres How to Save Money on Textbooks

First-Year College Students’ Guide to Buying Textbooks Back-to-school season is upon us, and as students across the globe prepare for their first year in college, there are a lot of extra expenses to consider outside of tuition and room and board – most notably the cost of textbooks. For first-year students who have never bought their textbooks before, navigating this new experience can be tricky. However, there are ways to shop smart for your textbooks this fall. Unfortunately, college costs doesn’t stop once you’ve paid tuition for the semester. In addition to paying for courses, most students will also have to cover the cost of related materials, such as textbooks and required reading. According to the College Board, the average cost of a college textbook for 2017-2018 was $80, nearly $30 more than the same material sold during the 2011-2012 academic year. While it may be tempting to skip out on buying books, a 2017 survey by VitalSource found that 50% of students who did this saw their grades suffer as a result. There are a variety of ways to save on book fees. Depending on the courses you are taking, your budget, and your college, different tips and tricks might work best for your personal and academic needs. Price Compare Before Shopping on CampusWhile your campus bookstore is probably the most convenient option, it may not be the most wallet-friendly. Large retailers such as Amazon often offer better deals on new books, so compare prices before purchasing. However, if you are really struggling to track down a certain textbook or need something specific ASAP, it may be worthwhile to buy the book from a university store. Buy UsedIf you want to own a book, but don’t mind a little wear and tear, purchasing a used book can be a cost-cutting option. There are plenty of retailers that sell used books, but if getting a good deal is a priority, consider starting with a comparison website such as BIGWORDS, which will show you both book costs and buyback value on one organized page. While cost is definitely a priority for many students, be sure to review the quality of the textbook as well, especially because you will need a complete, usable book to get you through months worth of studying. Consider Renting, Not BuyingRealistically, you won’t be reading your Biology 101 textbook after you’ve completed the course. Renting can be a great option for slashing book costs, but just like buying used, rental books can have a little wear and tear. Some schools have started renting textbooks directly and even buy a book if they don’t have it in rental stock. Another great rental option is online platforms, such as Chegg, ValoreBooks, and Textbooks.com. If you’re interested in renting a digital book, VitalSource’s Inclusive Access delivery method promises to provide students with all required course materials on their first day of classes. Share with a FriendSome classes may require several books, some of which may only be used for a small portion of the semester. If this is the case and you’re trying to cut down on book costs, it may not make sense to buy or rent a book. Consider reaching out to a friend or roommate enrolled in the same course and potentially sharing reading materials, especially if a book is particularly pricey. While this may not be possible depending on the nature of the course, it does come with a unique bonus—a built-in study companion. Buying textbooks should not be the only element of the back-to-school season on your radar right now. College-bound students should be moving into dorms, discussing budgets with family, and preparing for a new and exciting academic challenge. Whether you’re off to college, or still in high school, preparing for back-to-school should be fun! If you need help creating an academic plan to make the most of your fall semester, contact us today!

Essay about Mus 121 Final - 7488 Words

Help | Logout HOME MY COURSEWORK TA KE NOTES LISTENING GUIDES COMMUNITY SETTINGS DOWNLOA D Review the Items Asked On the Exam Final Exam Printed below are the questions that were asked on this exam, along with any answers you gave and any feedback you received. You may return to the syllabus at any time. Section 1, Question 1 What common Classical period genre does this excerpt represent? Play Chamber music Concerto Sonata Symphony Answer Answer Choice number 4: Symphony Feedback Correct. If you would like to make a comment regarding this item, type your comment into this box: open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd.com Click the Comment†¦show more content†¦You heard the rich harmonic textures characteristic of his music. If you would like to make a comment regarding this item, type your comment into this box: Click the Comment button to record this comment. Comment Section 1, Question 9 According to the text, composers of the Romantic period were reluctant to stray from the seven tones of the traditional scale (i.e., A, B, C, D, E, F, G). True False Answer Answer False Feedback Correct! open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd.com If you would like to make a comment regarding this item, type your comment into this box: Click the Comment button to record this comment. Comment Section 1, Question 10 Which of the following examples represents secular music? A. Play B. Play C. Play Example A Example B Example C Answer Answer Choice number 3: Example C Feedback Correct! This is a secular piece, which you can recognize by its strong pulse and rhythmic drive. If you would like to make a comment regarding this item, type your comment into this box: Click the Comment button to record this comment. Comment open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd.com Section 1, Question 11 The following composition is a work by: Play A French troubador A GoliardShow MoreRelatedConcert Attendance Paper2383 Words   |  10 PagesMUS 121 Jeffrey Phelps, cello and Lee Jordan-Anders, piano 14 October, 2012 Dr. Ford Tidewater Community College CA#1 The Program Sonata in A Major, Opus 69 (1808) Ludwig van Beethoven Allegro, ma non tanto Scherzo, Allegro molto Adagio cantabile/Allegro vivace Sonata (1915) I.Prologue: Lent, sostenuto e molto risoluto II.Serenade: Moderement anime III.Final: Anime, legerRead MoreAudit Exam9528 Words   |  39 Pagesis: A) inverse. B) direct. C) proportional. D) indeterminate. 21. A If acceptable audit risk is increased, acceptable risk of incorrect acceptance should be: A) increased. B) reduced. C) unaffected. D) modified. 22. A The final step in the evaluation of the audit results is the decision to: A) accept the population as fairly stated or to require further action. B) determine sampling error and calculate the estimated total population error. C) project the point estimateRead MoreCollective Behavior And Stigmergy Of Cancer Cells6661 Words   |  27 PagesFiji (see for example Fig. S2), which also mea- sures the area of all detected objects and their circularity. To a first approximation, cells can be considered as spherical objects, with an estimated radius of r c = (11.3  ± 1.2) ÃŽ ¼m. The initial and final density of cells in sequences SP1, SP2, SP3, SP4 are summarised in Fig. 2, whereas the full density time-series of all sequences is reported in the SM. After testing several 2D tracking software with our image sequences and observing their output,Read MoreDtac Business Analysis38437 Words   |  154 Pagesopportunity from growing penetration rate in mobile phone operator market (Total Access Communication’s annual report 2007). From Information and Communication Technology Center, the overall about communication market is expected to be worth about 121 billion SEK this year which a growth of 13.1 % over last years figure of 107 billion SEK. Apart from the communication market and data-communication equipment market, the communications market is expected to be worth 88.2 billion SEK while the data-communicationRead MoreDtac Business Analysis38421 Words   |  154 Pagesopportunity from growing penetration rate in mobile phone operator market (Total Access Communication’s annual report 2007). From Information and Communication Technology Center, the overall about communication market is expected to be worth about 121 billion SEK this year which a growth of 13.1 % ov er last years figure of 107 billion SEK. Apart from the communication market and data-communication equipment market, the communications market is expected to be worth 88.2 billion SEK while the data-communicationRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesuseful plants of West Tropical Africa (1937) by Miss F.N. Okesa. Mr E.I. Madunagu then consulted his mother about these names, correlated with the description of the plants, and some further identifications were obtained in this way. In 1968 I began a final check through the complete files. I was, however, considerably interrupted by other commitments, and only completed this in the long vacation of 1969. The files were then sent to the Institute of African Studies, where Mr E. Ohaegbu undertook the typing

Comm 4331 Essays - 962 Words

Study Guide Test #1 1. What influences beliefs, attitudes, behaviors and values 2. What is correct and true about persuasion Receiver must think it is voluntary, 3. Define persuasion Persuasion: involves one or more persons who are engaged in the activity of creating, reinforcing, modifying, or extinguishing, beliefs, attitudes, intentions, motivation, and or behaviors within the constraints of a given communication context -- an activity or process, persuasion is a tow way street 4. Define values: Something important to you 5. Define beliefs: Something you believe to be true 6. Define attitudes: How you feel toward something 7. Attitude: tendencies or predispositions, represent favorable or unfavorable evaluation of†¦show more content†¦Cultural issues and differences between U.S. and other cultures Individualism vs. Collectivism Collective cultures (China) value harmony, concern for others, group goals while individualism culture value independence and personal goals 27. Audience analysis: pay attention to the situation, keep their attitudes, values, beliefs in mind, remember their demographics, and remember their states traits 28. Target audience: the majority group that the persuader/advertiser is trying to persuade 29. From First day – different ways interpersonal / context / different areas of persuasion - Context – target audience, interpersonal, mass/public, social or group, mediated, - Intrapersonal – self persuasion - global/intercultural 30. Differences between males and females: - men are more successful than women in their attempts to persuade others. Men - stereotypes, physical, social role theory – what we view as acceptable / Goal differences Males: More persuasive than women because of physical appearance, tone of voice, social rule theory (not so negative) Females: Communal behaviors-warm and nurturing 31. Communal behavior - warmer and more nurturing – female doctors need to use this to be more effective while male doctors use an aversion strategies 32. Central routes: rational thought andShow MoreRelatedU.s. Lng Exportation Policy And The Wto8704 Words   |  35 Pagesrelated chemicals; microbicides; and others). 43. Id. at 5-79. 44. See, e.g., SHALE GAS PROD. SUBCOMM., supra note 38; Review of Hydraulic Fracturing Technology and Practices: Hearing Before the H. Comm. on Sd., Space, and Tech., 112th Cong. 18 (2011) (statement of Elizabeth Ames Jones, Comm r, Texas Railroad Commission); Jeffrey C. King et al., Factual Causation: The Missing Link in Hydraulic Fracture-Groundwater Contamination Litigation, 22 DUKE ENVTL. L. POL Y F. 341, 351, 360 (2012)

Variety Of Concepts Of Project Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Variety Of Concepts Of Project Management. Answer: Introduction Project managementis a key concept of business management and it is useful to manage different business projects. It is basically a restraint of initializing, planning, implementing, controlling and closing a team project for achieving specific goals and to meet specific criteria of success. There are variety ofconcepts of project management that can be used for any business level project. The purpose of making this report is to emphasize on these important concepts in detail. The knowledge about these ideas will be helpful for business organizations to handle complex as well as simple projects in appropriate manner (Projectmanagement.com, 2017). Discussion Here in this segment of report, I will discuss about procedure of applyingproject management concepts on projects. These concepts ofproject management are known as knowledge areas that have potential to effectively manage several project processes. A project manager must be aware about these knowledge areas (Pmi.org, 2017). How Project Management Concepts can be applied to Business Projects In my organization, different types of small and large projects are developed and for all these projects, project management concepts are used for getting successful outcomes. Currently, project manager of my company is working on a big IT project and in this following knowledge areas will be used (Projectinsight.net, 2017). Integration Management Scope Management Time Management Cost Management Quality Management Human Resource Management Communications Management Risk Management Procurement Management Stakeholder Management (Study.com, 2017) Integration Management It is one of the important knowledge areas of project management. This knowledge area is related to bringing together all important things that are required to manage holistic project not only single module. So in case of my companys project, first of all mandatory sources are necessary to collect (The Balance, 2017). Scope Management The purpose of applying this knowledge area into management of project is to define that what will be delivered by this project. With the help of scope management, purpose and availability of key things of project can be sure. Moreover, the gathering of requirements and work breakdown structure are also included in scope management. Therefore, in my organization, project manager must define the scope of IT project with its usefulness (Greycampus.com, 2017). Time Management Time is also a key factor or knowledge area of project management. It is essential for project manager to complete whole project within pre-defined deadline. The time management of project consists of the management of time of all people who are spending their time in completion of project activities. Furthermore, it is also essential to identify that how long will be taken by whole project to complete. Through this knowledge area, it will be easier for my company to understand overall activities of project, classification and total time to complete those activities. Under this knowledge area of time management project schedule is prepared by project manager with its team members (Open.lib.umn.edu, 2017). Cost Management Besides management of time, cost is also an important concept of project management. Without appropriate funds and their utilization project cannot be completed successfully on time. The main activity that is performed by project manager here is to make a sufficient budget for whole project and it must be defined that how much cost will be covered by each project activity. Besides this, the proper tracking of all projects expenditures against the predefined budget is also necessary to ensure that project is going at right track (Pmpcertificationhelp.com, 2017). Quality Management The next knowledge area that is required to apply for project is management of its quality. My business organization is popular among people for its quality services because while developing projects, I give preference to quality. The area of quality management consists of three major processes such as learning, setting and implementation of quality control and other activities of quality management of project. Quality management is helpful enough to ensure customers that our company will meet their expectations. Human Resource Management HR department plays an important role in a business organization and that is why it is considered as one of the key knowledge areas. The human resource management in a project helps to understand that what resources are required for project completion and according to that project team can be mad by project manager. Furthermore, this knowledge area is also required to give training and teach extra skills to project team members to get desired outcomes from them. Human resource management is also important to motivate team members. Communications Management It is a small knowledge area where contribution of project manager is about 80%. Under this knowledge area, three main processes such as planning, managing and controlling of communications of project are included. Moreover, under this knowledge area all incoming and outgoing communications of business projects are done. Here for effective communications management, strong linking between stakeholders and HR management is required. Risk Management Risk management is also an essential knowledge area to consider in project management. As we know that while developing a project various risk factors have to face by project team. In this case, risk management provides help to plan management of risk and to understand how evaluation of risk factors can be done. In this knowledge area, both quantitative and qualitative risk evaluations are done that are beneficial to control project level risks at large extent. Procurement Management Under this knowledge area of project management, all suppliers and procurements work are considered and supported. Like other project management concepts, it is also necessary to make project successful. In this area, some important points are: what will be the basic purchasing process for managing project work and how closing of the contract will be done by suppliers at end of project. During this process, the management of performance of contractors is so much required. Stakeholder Management The last but important knowledge area of project management is stakeholder management. Stakeholders are important for business organizations for handling projects, decision making and to perform other activities. Under this management process, identification of stakeholders, understanding of their importance for project and assurance of successful delivery of project by them are taken into consideration by project manager. Conclusion To sum up, I can say that above discussed knowledge areas are required for project management and it is also defined in report that how must be implemented by project management team. The proper implementation of these knowledge areas lead to successful business outcomes. References Projectmanagement.com. (2017).ProjectManagement.com - Home. [online] Available at: https://www.projectmanagement.com/ [Accessed 25 Oct. 2017]. Pmi.org. (2017). What is Project Management | PMI. [online] Available at: https://www.pmi.org/about/learn-about-pmi/what-is-project-management [Accessed 25 Oct. 2017]. Projectinsight.net. (2017). 5 Basic Phases of Project Management. [online] Available at: https://www.projectinsight.net/project-management-basics/basic-project-management-phases [Accessed 25 Oct. 2017]. Study.com. (2017). The Ten Knowledge Areas of Project Management - Video Lesson Transcript | Study.com. [online] Available at: https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-nine-knowledge-areas-of-project-management.html [Accessed 25 Oct. 2017]. The Balance. (2017). The 10 Knowledge Areas to Study for Your PMP Exam. [online] Available at: https://www.thebalance.com/the-10-project-management-knowledge-areas-3866902 [Accessed 25 Oct. 2017]. Greycampus.com. (2017). Basic Concepts of Project Management | Project Management Professional (PMP). [online] Available at: https://www.greycampus.com/opencampus/project-management-professional/basic-concepts-of-project-management [Accessed 25 Oct. 2017]. Open.lib.umn.edu. (2017). 1.5 Introduction to the Project Management Knowledge Areas | Project Management from Simple to Complex. [online] Available at: https://open.lib.umn.edu/projectmanagement/chapter/1-5-introduction-to-the-project-management-knowledge-areas/ [Accessed 25 Oct. 2017]. Pmpcertificationhelp.com. (2017). The 9 Project Management Knowledge Areas. [online] Available at: https://pmpcertificationhelp.com/project-management-knowledge-areas/ [Accessed 25 Oct. 2017].

Circadian Rhythms Essay Essay Example

Circadian Rhythms Essay Essay 1. Describe how circadian beat are associated with sleep want. 2. Explain the consequences of the sleep want appraisal. 3. Make you hold. or disagree. with the consequences. Why. or why non? 4. If you are sleep deprived. what stairss could you take to acquire more or better quality of slumber? Alternatively. if you are non sleep deprived. what techniques allow you to acquire choice slumber most darks of the hebdomad? Circadian beat: Their function and disfunction in affectional upset Press conference on the juncture of the 23rd ECNP Congress 2010. Amsterdam All worlds are synchronised to the rhythmic light-dark alterations that occur on a day-to-day footing. Rhythms in physiological and biochemical procedures and behavioral forms persist in the absence of all external 24-hour signals from the physical environment. with a period that is near to 24 hours. These beats are referred to as ?circadian? . from the Latin ?circa diem? ( ?about a day? ) . and are attributable to internal biological redstem storksbills. driven by a major circadian pacesetter in the encephalon. The circadian pacesetter is entrained each twenty-four hours to the 24-hour solar rhythm. which is the major ?zeitgeber? ( literally time-giver ) . Other zeitgebers are nutrient consumption. activity. or societal cues. e. g. the dismay clock. Good temporal entrainment allows for optimum public presentation at the right clip of the twen ty-four hours. because being able to expect future undertakings allows the appropriate physiological and psychological readying. However. our modern society frequently imposes divergences from the regular work-rest-scheme. as in displacement work. which consequences in jobs with entrainment. We will write a custom essay sample on Circadian Rhythms Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Circadian Rhythms Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Circadian Rhythms Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Failure to accommodate to environmental and social clip cues leads to misalignment of internal biological redstem storksbills. This ?dysentrainment? comes with enhanced hazard of mistakes and accidents. loss of productiveness. and wellness hazards such as increased leaning for malignant neoplastic disease. depression. sleep perturbations. GI. metabolic and cardiovascular upsets. decreased immune responses and even life span. Hence. people with circadian beat break caused by displacement work frequently develop glucose intolerance. diabetes and high blood pressure. and possibly malignant neoplastic disease. The recent find of the nucleus molecular circadian clock machinery has dramatically increased involvement in the impact of circadian dysregulation on mental and physical wellness. Molecular footing of circadian beat Circadian beat are directed by a maestro biological clock in a specific encephalon construction of the hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic karyon ( SCN ) . Apart from the SCN. the organic structure has circadian oscillators in all encephalon parts and peripheral tissues. for illustration the liver ( Schulz A ; Steimer. 2009. Bechtold et Al. . 2010 ) . The SCN is synchronised daily by environmental signals – chiefly light ( Wirz-Justice. 2006 ) . Receiving information on illuming conditions straight from the retina. the SCN drives secernment of the pineal secretory organ endocrine melatonin every bit good as and many peripheral redstem storksbills. and their end products modulate the SCN through feedback or feed-forward effects. Therefore. in the organic structure there is a hierarchy of interacting redstem storksbills ( Schulz. 2007 ) . In all cells. the look of many cistrons alterations rhythmically over 24 hours. Specific circadian cistrons such as CLOCK. BMAL1. and PER are responsible for the chief SCN clockworking machinery every bit good as subordinate redstem storksbills in other parts of the organic structure. In mice with mutants in time-keeping cistrons. aberrant circadian sleep-wake and other beat can be observed. In add-on. new involvement in the function of circadian dysregulation in psychiatric upsets has arisen from the determination that a mutant in a nucleus circadian clock cistron induces hyperactivity. reduced slumber. and mania-like behavior in mice ( Turek. 2008 ) . Animal surveies were the cardinal development that brought the field to its present exciting place. because their findings suggested that ?clock genes? are directing the circadian beat in all physiological procedures. Circadian perturbations: clinical impact on affectional upsets In healthy persons. physiological and biochemical variables such as organic structure temperature. hydrocortisone and melatonin. thyroid exciting endocrine ( TSH ) . norepinephrine and serotonin exhibit a circadian beat. However. in patients with affectional upsets. many of these circadian beat are disturbed in stage and amplitude ( Schulz A ; Steimer. 2009 ; McClung. 2007 ) . For case. adult females with depression have a greater grade of variableness in the timing of physiological and endocrinal beat. Dysregulation of circadian beat and sleep perturbations are besides core elements of bipolar upset. and might be involved in its pathogenesis ( Dallaspezia A ; Benedetti. 2009 ) . Clinicians have learned th e tremendous importance of synchronizing agents ( ?zeitgebers? ) to entrain beat in patients with temper upsets. and how utile they are as fresh interventions ( e. g. visible radiation. melatonin ) . With respect to major depressive upset. about all patients present with sleep perturbations and altered circadian beat including hormonal secernment. cardiac map. and body temperature. Sleep break is a major symptom in depression. with over 90 % of patients demoing sleep ailments that affect daytime operation ( Thase. 1999 ) . Insomnia frequently appears before the oncoming of temper upset symptoms and may prevail into clinical remittal: sleep perturbations are known to be a frequent residuary symptom of depression. and the presence of insomnia Markss an increased hazard of backsliding or return. Sleep troubles frequently are the cardinal factor that causes down patients to seek medical aid. and alleviation of sleep perturbations is of import to promote conformity with antidepressant medicine. Associated with chronic depression. sleep perturbation can hold every bit great an impact on health-related quality of life as the mental unwellness itself ( Katz A ; McHorney. 2002 ) . It is good known that alterations in clinical province are accompanied by displacements in timing of the sleep-wake rhythm. The switch out of depression is frequently associated with a self-g enerated sleep want. Conversely. a prescribed sleep want can quickly demo antidepressive activity. Even more strikingly. a stage progress of sleep timing can bring on longer-lasting antidepressant effects. proposing an intimate functional relationship between slumber. its timing. and the depressive province. In healthy persons and in patients with affectional upsets. there is a close nexus between circadian beat. the stableness of temper. and sleep ordinance. How to reset the human biological clock in affectional upsets In clinical pattern. sleep perturbations in depression by and large can be improved with effectual antidepressant medicine. However. normally used modern antidepressants may be sleep-disturbing. peculiarly early in intervention. frequently to the extent that a ataractic or hypnotic compound has to be prescribed concomitantly ( Mayers A ; Baldwin. 2005 ) . The hunt for fresh antidepressants has focused chiefly on drug development. with the function of psychotherapeutics and cognitive behavioral therapy to assist depressive patients being good accepted. Surprisingly though. clinical application of chronobiological research. so called chronotherapeutics. appears non to suit into any conventional class. and is largely neglected as putative intervention. Chronotherapeutics Chronotherapeutics is defined as controlled exposure to environmental stimulations that act on biological beat ( e. g. visible radiation ) or direct uses of slumber in order to accomplish curative effects in the intervention of psychiatric upsets. One major purpose of chronotherapeutics is to synchronize impaired circadian beat. Today the scope of chronotherapeutic indicants non merely comprises affectional upsets such as major depression ( seasonal and non-seasonal ) . bipolar upset. and premenstrual dysphoric upset and depression during gestation. but besides bulimia nervosa. attention-deficit/hyperactivity upset ( ADHD ) . dementedness. Parkinson?s disease. and shift work and jet-lag perturbations ( Wirz-Justice et al. . 2009 ) . Chronotherapeutic elements include light therapy. dark therapy or blue-blocking dark glassess. aftermath therapy ( entire or partial sleep want in the 2nd half of the dark ) . stage progress of the sleep-wake rhythm. and exogenously administered melatonin . Light therapy as a zeitgeber has been used to resynchronise disturbed sleep agendas back to a more normal form. Light is besides an effectual antidepressant. moving on many of the same neurotransmitter systems and encephalon constructions as antidepressant drugs. What is intriguing approximately light therapy is that it is the first intervention in psychopathology that developed straight out of basic neurobiology research related to seasonal hibernation and reproduction in gnawers. Light therapy is effectual for all groups of major depression – non merely for the seasonal subtype ( SAD ) . for which it is good recognized as the intervention of pick. As an adjuvant to antidepressants in unipolar depressive patients. or Li in bipolar patients. forenoon light hastens and potentiates the antidepressant response. Light therapy shows profit even for patients with chronic depression of 2 old ages or more. and provides a feasible option for patients who refuse. resist or can non digest medicine. or for whom drugs may be contraindicated. as in antepartum depression ( Wirz-Justice et al. . 2005 ) . In add-on. light therapy has been successfully used in other psychiatric or neurological unwellnesss. including binge-eating syndrome nervosa and Alzheimer?s disease. Dark therapy has yielded positive consequences to command symptoms in acute passion and to quiet `rapid-cycling? bipolar patients in the frenzied stage – a group with one of the highest suicide rate s among the mentally ill. By maintaining patients in the dark and widening rest-sleep for periods of 10 to 14 hours. the passion episode could be ended. Dark therapy is theoretically interesting for its rapid effects. but is non really practical. One option at present being investigated is the usage of blue-blocking dark glassess. Blue is the wavelength to which the circadian system is peculiarly sensitive. therefore by barricading this scope in the light spectrum we can bring on â€Å"circadian darkness† while non impairing the patient’s vision. Melatonin is a endocrine secreted by the pineal secretory organ merely at dark. and is suppressed by visible radiation. Cued by darkness. melatonin is particularly of import for the oncoming of slumber. but is besides involved in many other systems – cardiovascular. immune. hormone. and metabolic. If beats are out of sync. as in depression. so melatonin beat besides occur at the incorrect clip therefore stressing the sleep perturbation. Exogenously administered. melatonin Acts of the Apostless as a zeitgeber to synchronize circadian beat. In add-on. its thermoregulatory action is of import to bring on a rapid oncoming of slumber. though it is non a ataractic agent per Se. Wake therapy ( a individual night’s sleep want ) is the most rapid antidepressant available today: about 60 % of patients. independent of diagnostic subtype. respond with pronounced betterment within hours. A individual night’s sleep want induces similar encephalon alterations as many hebdomads of antidepressant drugs ( Benedetti and Smeraldi. 2009 ) . Backsliding after recovery slumber can be prevented by day-to-day light therapy. attendant disposal of antidepressants ( SSRIs ) . Li ( for bipolar patients ) . or a short stage progress of slumber over 3 yearss. Combinations of these intercessions show great promise ( Wirz-Justice et al. . 2005. 2009 ) . Despite the turning grounds for the efficaciousness of the available chronotherapeutic methods. it is surprising how limited the usage of these interventions still is. Given the rapid action of chronotherapeutics. deficiency of side effects. and easy combination possibilities. how can kip doctors and head-shrinkers be educated about their usage? Possibly it is the patients that need to be educated. who are much more interested in non-pharmaceutic attacks? Obviously. interventions that are non patentable do non do net incomes for i ndustry. therefore denying the commercial selling theoretical account used for drugs. Because they do non travel through official clinical test enrollment at federal regulative bureaus. chronotherapeutic interventions are non on the list for insurance reimbursement. On history of their simpleness. chronotherapeutics contrast with hi-tech medical specialty. and for this ground are frequently non taken earnestly. Clinical deductions In clinical pattern there is still instead widespread ignorance about circadian slumber perturbations and chronotherapeutics in malice of the important grounds base. How can wider airing of chronotherapeutics be achieved? First. enterprising physicians should seek them out. Merely with first-hand experience does the world of efficaciousness and response emerge. Second. the techniques should be taught in medical school and during residence – since it is the younger coevals that is most unfastened to alter and utilize of cogent options to medicine. The non-profit-making. multilingual patients’ web site World Wide Web. cet. org and clinicians’ web site World Wide Web. chronotherapeutics. org of the Center for Environmental Therapeutics ( CET ) illustrate some first efforts to run into this Phase 3 educational challenge. Third. through its societies. the field of chronotherapeutics demands to recommend acknowledgment for reimbursement. In the intervention of affectio nal upsets. chronotherapeutics offer a new synthesis of non-pharmacologic intercessions designed to speed up remittal in patients with depression and bipolar upset. Uniting chronotherapeutics with accompaniment or follow-up medicine shows great promise. Given the pressing demand for new schemes to handle patients with residuary depressive symptoms. clinical tests of aftermath therapy and/or accessory light therapy. coupled with follow-up surveies of long-run return. are of high precedence. Decision Circadian disfunction can hold drastic effects on encephalon maps. Increasing grounds suggests that disrupted temporal administration impairs behavior. knowledge. and affect ( Benca et al. . 2009 ) . Break of circadian clock cistrons impairs sleep-wake rhythm and behavioral beat. which may be implicated in mental upsets. Several different psychiatric upsets. including depression. bipolar upset. seasonal affectional upset ( SAD ) . schizophrenic disorder. and borderline-related upsets are normally associated with abnormalcies in circadian beat. In peculiar. biological redstem storksbills play a major function in the pathophysiology of affectional upsets. Synchronizing impaired circadian beat. bettering sleep. or paradoxically remaining awake most of the dark can be highly helpful to handle patients with depression and bipolar upset. Chronotherapeutic combinations of visible radiation and aftermath therapy achieve fast consequences and. by cut downing residuary symptoms. besides minimise backsliding over many months. In add-on. chronotherapeutics seem to be a major facilitator of drug response. and. in combination with antidepressants. a promising method to brace patients over the long term. Research workers are working on widening our cognition refering pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical ways to change circadian beat. Recent finds of molecular redstem storksbills responsible for the coevals of circadian beat provide fresh penetrations into temporal break. offering new curative avenues for the intervention of affectional upsets. Sleep Drive and Your Body Clock * Sleep SubjectsMost people notice that they of course experience different degrees of drowsiness and watchfulness throughout the twenty-four hours. but what causes these forms? Sleep is regulated by two organic structure systems: sleep/wake homeostasis and the circadian biological clock. When we have been awake for a long period of clip. sleep/wake homeostasis Tells us that a demand for slumber is roll uping and that it is clip to kip. It besides helps us keep adequate slumber throughout the dark to do up for the hours of being awake. If this renewing procedure existed entirely. it would intend that we would be most watchful as our twenty-four hours was get downing out. and that the longer we were awake. the more we would experience like kiping. In this manner. sleep/wake homeostasis creates a thrust that balances slumber and wakefulness. Our internal circadian biological redstem storksbills. on the other manus. modulate the timing of periods of drowsiness and wakefulness throughout the twenty-four hours. The circadian beat dips and rises at different times of the twenty-four hours. so adults’ strongest sleep thrust by and large occurs between 2:00-4:00 am and in the afternoon between 1:00-3:00 autopsy. although there is some fluctuation depending on whether you are a â€Å"morning person† or â€Å"evening individual. † The drowsiness we experience during these circadian dips will be less intense if we have had sufficient slumber. and more intense when we are sleep deprived. The circadian beat besides causes us to experience more qui vive at certain points of the twenty-four hours. even if we have been awake for hours and our sleep/wake renewing procedure would otherwise do us experience more sleepy. Changes to this circadian beat occur during adolescence. when most teens experience a sleep stage hold. This displacement in teens’ circadian beat causes them to of course experience alert subsequently at dark. doing it hard for them to fall asleep before 11:00 autopsy. Since most teens wake up early for school and other committednesss. this sleep stage hold can do it hard to acquire the slumber teens need — an norm of 9 1/4 hours. but at least 8 1/2 hours. This sleep want can act upon the circadian beat ; for teens the strongest circadian â€Å"dips† tend to happen between 3:00-7:0 0 am and 2:00-5:00 autopsy. but the forenoon dip ( 3:00-7:00 am ) can be even longer if teens haven’t had adequate slumber. and can even last until 9:00 or 10:00 am. The circadian biological clock is controlled by a portion of the encephalon called the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ( SCN ) . a group of cells in the hypothalamus that respond to visible radiation and dark signals. From the ocular nervus of the oculus. light travels to the SCN. signaling the internal clock that it is clip to be awake. The SCN signals to other parts of the encephalon that control endocrines. organic structure temperature and other maps that play a function in doing us experience sleepy or awake. In the forenoons. with exposure to visible radiation. the SCN sends signals to raise organic structure temperature and bring forth endocrines like hydrocortisone. The SCN besides responds to light by detaining the release of other endocrines like melatonin. which is associated with sleep oncoming and is produced when the eyes signal to the SCN that it is dark. Melatonin degrees rise in the eventide and stay elevated throughout the dark. advancing slumber. In adolescents. research h as shown that melatonin degrees in the blood of course lift subsequently at dark than in most kids and grownups. Since teens may hold trouble traveling to bed early to acquire adequate slumber. it can assist to maintain the visible radiations dim at dark as bedtime attacks. It can besides assist to acquire into bright visible radiation every bit shortly as possible in the forenoon. Circadian breaks such as jet slowdown put us in struggle with our natural slumber forms. since the displacement in clip and light cues on the encephalon forces the organic structure to change its normal form to set. This is why coal-black slowdown can go forth travellers experiencing ill and holding more trouble thought and executing good. But these symptoms can besides happen in mundane life. when the circadian beat is disrupted by maintaining long and irregular hours. Because of this. it is of import to maintain a regular slumber agenda and allow plentifulness of clip for quality slumber. leting these two critical biological constituents — the sleep/wake renewing procedure and the circadian beat — to assist us execute at our best. Mentions Circadian beat: Their function and disfunction in affectional upset. ( 10.April 30 ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. eurekalert. org/pub_releases/2010-08/econ-crt082610. php # Sleep Drive and Your Body Clock | National Sleep Foundation – Information on Sleep Health and Safety. ( n. d. ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. sleepfoundation. org/article/sleep-topics/sleep-drive-and-your-body-clock Good sleeping wonts begin with a regular bedtime modus operandi. If you thought that was merely for childs. it’s clip to reconsider the importance of pre-sleep rites in your life. A restful bedtime modus operandi helps to fix your encephalon and organic structure for bed and promotes reposeful slumber. | If you try to leap directly from the twirling ideas and frenetic activity of your mundane life into a deep slumber. opportunities are you’ll be unsuccessful. That’s because your head and organic structure aren’t controlled by tossing a switch to the ‘off’ place in that manner. However. set uping a soothing bedtime modus operandi as an built-in portion of your kiping wonts sets the phase for a good darks sleep. Worlds are animals of wont and our natural organic structure beats crave consistence. So. when you’re be aftering your bedtime modus operandi. maintain things merely and easy because your ritual demands to be something you can make every individual dark. If you make it excessively drawn-out or intricate you’re puting yourself up for failure. Your pre-sleep behaviours should be comforting and loosen uping. The purpose is to give yourself the clip and infinite to weave down from the emphasiss of the twenty-four hours and make a calm ing province of relaxation to do it easier to fall asleep. If your kiping wonts include some of the followers. you’ll be good on your manner to set uping an effectual bedtime modus operandi. Take a warm bath A bead in organic structure temperature helps to trip the demand for slumber so a warm bath ( or a soak in the hot-tub ) may assist you fall asleep faster. You can heighten this consequence by utilizing aromatherapy merchandises ( bath oils. scented tapers and so on ) with quieting belongingss. Practice Relaxation Techniques Today’s fast-paced universe tends to do us strain and irritable. which can truly interfere with your ability to kip good. Spending some clip on loosen uping activities ( take a breathing exercisings. yoga. massage. speculation. or entle stretches ) before bed can take down anxiousness degrees and quiet your organic structure andhead. | Have a Bedtime BiteA bowl of nachos or that last piece of pizza decidedly shouldn’t have a topographic point in your bedtime modus operandi. But. certain nutrients and drinks can hold a positive consequence on your slumber. Some nutrients contain an amino-acid called tryptophan that can do you experience sleepy. Remember that glass of warm milk your ma used to press you to imbibe? She knew what she was making because milk contains tryptophan. In add-on to milk. many dairy merchandises such cheese and yoghurt contain this chemical. as do soy merchandises. domestic fowl. whole-grains and many seeds/nuts. So. a glass of milk and a smattering of wholewheat crackers could be a good add-on to your kiping wonts. Many herbal teas can hold a relaxing and quieting consequence. every bit good. Avoid Sleep-Destroying Activities A ; Foods Any activity that stimulates your encephalon or organic structure ( with the noticeable exclusion of love-making ) can undermine your bedtime modus operandi. Stay off from horror films. work electronic mail. strenuous exercising. caffeine. intoxicant. baccy. and spicy nutrients. Besides. watch out for unexpected side effects of prescription drugs. nonprescription medicines and natural redresss that you may take for other conditions. Changing your kiping wonts and set uping a bedtime modus operandi that encourages deep. reposeful sleep takes clip and finding – but the wagess are good worth the attempt.

Learn the German Translation for Silent Night, Stille Nacht

Learn the German Translation for Silent Night, 'Stille Nacht' The popular Christmas carol Silent Night has been translated into several languages worldwide (like French), but it was originally written in German under the title Stille Nacht. It was just a poem before it was transformed into a song one Christmas night in Austria. If you already know the English version, try memorizing the German lyrics for three of the most common verses. The Story of Stille Nacht On Dec.24, 1818- just hours before Christmas mass- in the small Austrian village of Oberndorf, Pastor Joseph Mohr of St.Nicholas Kirche found himself in a bind. His musical plans for the evening church service were ruined because the organ had recently broken after a nearby river flooded. In a moment of inspiration, Mohr picked up a Christmas poem he had written two years earlier. He quickly set off to a neighboring village where his friend Franz Gruber, the church organist, lived. In just a few short hours that night, Gruber produced the first version of the world-renowned Christmas hymn Stille Nacht, written as a guitar accompaniment.   The Modern Stille Nacht The song as it is rendered today is slightly different from the original version of Stille Nacht. Folk singers and choir groups altered the original melody slightly as they performed the carol throughout Europe in the ensuing decades. The English version was written by an Episcopal priest, the Rev. John Freeman Young. However, the standard English version contains just three verses, whereas the German version contains six. Only verses one, two, and six from Mohr and Grubers original version are sung in English. There is also a version sung by Nina Hagen, an opera prodigy better known as the mother of punk. Stille Nacht in German Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht,Alles schlft; einsam wachtNur das traute hochheilige Paar.Holder Knabe im lockigen Haar,Schlaf in himmlischer Ruh!Schlaf in himmlischer Ruh!Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht,Hirten erst kundgemachtDurch der Engel Halleluja,Tà ¶nt es laut von fern und nah:Christ, der Retter ist da!Christ, der Retter ist da!Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht,Gottes Sohn, o wie lachtLieb aus deinem gà ¶ttlichen Mund,Da uns schlgt die rettende Stund.Christ, in deiner Geburt!Christ, in deiner Geburt! Words: Joseph Mohr, 1816Music: Franz Xaver Gruber, 1818 Silent Night in English Silent night, holy nightAll is calm all is brightRound yon virgin Mother and ChildHoly infant so tender and mildSleep in heavenly peaceSleep in heavenly peaceSilent night, holy night,Shepherds quake at the sight.Glories stream from heaven afar,Heavnly hosts sing Alleluia;Christ the Savior is bornChrist the Savior is bornSilent night, holy night,Son of God, loves pure light.Radiant beams from Thy holy face,With the dawn of redeeming grace,Jesus, Lord, at Thy birthJesus, Lord, at Thy birth

Challenges Opportune Regional Integration .Com

Discuss About The Challenges Opportune Regional Integration? Johnson and Martin Ltd (J&M) is a company that manufactures a popular line of clothing for young people. The company’s products are positioned as fashionable and of high quality. Due to the little prospects for the future sales growth, the firm has decided to expand its clothing to the Middle Eastern region (Jullens, 2013). The potential marketing for these products is Turkey, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia. As a marketing consultant, I have carried out market opportunity assessment to determine which is the most prospective market to enter. In this market assessment opportunity, I have examined the investment environment, impacts of the government interventionist policies, the market potential and the effect of regional integration initiatives and related issues. In addition to that, I have evaluated the opportunities and threats in the three markets. This study, therefore, explains the market opportunity assessment for Turkey, Egypt and Saudi Arabia and the opportunity and threat s in each of the three markets. The investment environment is the global economy and the domestic economy , developments in which have an impact on the prices (values) of the assets. My examination of the investment environment revealed that investment climate in Turkey is excellent particularly for the clothing of young people. Hollensen points out that the country has a young dynamic population and a growing middle-class with a lot of purchasing power (Hollensen, 2017). He clarifies that its unique geographical location is critical in attracting many customers since it is strategically situated between the East and the West. An investor can, therefore, make high profit margins, as a result of the high volume of sales. In addition to that, it is one of the G-20 states with the highest economic growth.   Also, the state has a very friendly business climate to the investors, access to a huge national consumer base and other nearby markets and supports expansion for the international investors. A good investor wil l, therefore, make use of such an investment environment Turkey has bonded very well with most of the investors such as India. According to Hollensen, there are as many as 260 Indian companies which operate in Turkey. In the last 14 years, these firms have made humongous sales worth $ 103 million (Hollensen, 2017). Some of these companies include Wipro, Polyplex, and Mahindra among others. Turkey has a verycompetitive and skilled workforce comprising of a young population with flexibleinvestment settingand low tax prices, the country presents an exciting opportunity for clothing investors. Hence, the opportunity Turkey presents for the Johnson and Martin Ltd to invest is perfect Poor implementation of intervention policies by the government has held back the interests of foreign investors in Turkey in the last decades. A report conference that was released by the United Nations about development and trade (UNCTAD) in the year 2013 revealed that the political uncertainty which was escalating at the regional level subdued global economic prospects were preventing foreign investors from investing in Turkey (Joffe, & Vasconcelos, 2014). However, the Government of Turkey has carried out structural reforms to boost investment climate in the country. Moreover, the government has ensured tight fiscal controls, privatization of the economic enterprises of the state, increased flexibility in the labor market and a strong banking sector. As a result, the economy has improved. The Government of Turkey has pursued a well-knownreform program about investment atmosphere whose aim is to attract more Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Also, the formation of Turkey’s Investment Support and Promotion Agency has attracted investors (Kanat, 2004). ISPAT supports new investors, the business making process and promotes an investment setting that is friendly. It functionsas a support within the government for changesthat ensures investment and runsto promote domestic and global consciousnessof the values of the investment. The government’s transformationsin Turkey have made it easier to starta firm. The government has subsidedpermit necessities and has allowed people to register their businesses via regional commercial registry offices (Tuncel, 2017). Furthermore, the government has instituted a single firm registration form. The Turkish Government policies have ensured that the taxation system is friendlier to investors. According to Tuncel, the normal commercial tax rate was lowered from 30% to 20% in 2006. Market potential is the wholesize of the market for a certain product at a particular time. Turkey has a high market potential that covers more than one billion consumers. Turkey international image for investment is mainly moldedby the various marketplace opportunities both export and domestic-oriented (Kirisci, 2012). The market potential of Turkeyinclude a large and expanding domestic market which is approximately 70 million, a European market that generates a lot of capitalof about (600 million), evolvingRussian, Central Asian markets (roughly205 million) and a distinctand growing Middle East and North Africa markets (approximate 160 million). The strong historic and cultural ties provide Turkey with privateaccess and a center to create abusiness with these states. Hence, the high market potential makes Turkey a prominentinvestor in the Central Asian Turkic Republics. Regional integration has been used as an efficient instrumentfor promoting regional peace, prosperity, and stability, with the added prospect that economic expansion might also facilitate the transition to democracy (Joffe, & Vasconcelos, 2014). Turkey and the EU have worked on these suppositions and have developed various approaches to regional integration. Some of the impacts of regional integration initiatives are discussed below One of the effects of the regional integration initiatives is that it has made Turkey to increasingly become a â€Å"trading state†. Turkey has increased and diversified its economic relations with the Mashreq and Maghreb countries (Kirisci, 2012). After the Arab Spring, the Turkish regime had begun to improve componentsof neighborhood policy with Mashreq and Maghreb countries. The policies aimed at greater economic integration. Nevertheless, there has been up and down due to the crisis in Syria and also issues of stimulating transformation in the Arab world. Regional integration has allowed Turkey to acquire a higher proportion of the market share compared to its neighborhood. As the cold war ended, only 10% of itstranscontinentaltrade was with its neighborhood and this amounted to $3.5 billion (Frieden, 2015). Much of the trade was with Iran and the Soviet Union. Approximately half of the total Turkish foreign trade was acquired by the European Union countries roughly $17 billion. Nonetheless, the situation changed dramatically in the year 2011. Trade with the neighborhood was pricedat about $82 billion and comprised around 22 percent of the Turkeys general trade. Turkish regional integration has displayed other dimensions too.   In the aftermath of the Arabs revolution, the ‘zero problems with neighbors’ policy collapsed. The policy was very crucial since it was the primary source of the soft power of Turkey in the international affairs (Kirisci, 2012). Kirisci explains that the Turkish foreign policy is almost collapsing. In spite of much effort between Turkey and Syria to resolve their conflict, the conflict is too far from being resolved. Currently, Turkey is deeply involved in aconflict with Syria and this is affecting its own security negatively.   In my research, I discovered that although there are ongoing efforts by the government to court worldwide investors, the investment climate in Egypt remains challenging. Egypt has hard controls of currency and shortages. As a result, the country incurs losses and depend on importation of inputs essential for domestic production and manufacturing (Leigh & Blackey, 2016). The government of Egypt, however, remain committed to attracting investors across the globe.   For instance, it has launched a large-scale industrial zone near the Suez Canal. The main objective is to attract multinational manufacturing and logistic businesses alongside the main transnational shipping route. Most of the investors have reported delays of several months in the execution of foreign exchange transfers. In addition to that, labor rules inhibit firms from hiring more than 10% non-Egyptians. Moreover, foreign investors are not permitted to operate simple partnerships or sole proprietorship. A foreign indus try that is willing to import for trading purposes has to do so via a complete Egyptian-owned importer. Egyptian courts rarely recognize foreign judgments. Solving disputes takes a lot of time, with the time taken to settlea case to completion averaging 3-5 years (Leigh & Blackey, 2016). Also, their many hindrances such as regulatory complexity, excessive bureaucracy, the mismatch between labor market demand and job skills, non-tariff trade barriers and slow and cumbersome customs procedures. The world bankhas ranked Egyptamongstthe easiest countries in the Middle East and North Africa to start a business. According to the World Bank, a business can be opened in 8 days when compared to the and 19 and an international of 42. A businesspermit is not available online and has to be done in person at the General Authority for Investment (GAFI), situated in Nasr City with satellite offices in Assuit, Ismailia, and Alexandria. Egypt commenced structural reforms to correct macroeconomic imbalances that existed before President Mubarak’s era. Egypt has a long history of government intervention (Loewe, 2013). A substantial re-orientation happened in 2004 when President Mubarak appointed a new regime which comprised of several former business men. It came up with a new strategy for the industrial policy which was considerably more demand and market-oriented and less interventionist. The objective was to address the market failures which were hindering structural change in Egypt and prevent ‘vertical discrimination’ as much as possible (Gonzalez-Vicente, 2015). The industrial policies were effective in investment promotion, improved the entrepreneurs access to finance and simplified tax rates and procedures. Egypt is the largest textile producer in Africa accounting for about 50 percent of the world production in 2008. Private companies have dominated the downstream industry with more than 70 percent garment production. The Egyptian government is encouraging private investors to invest in both down-stream and up-stream industry (Kaplinsky, & Morris, 2014). Over the past 3 decades, the United States and Europe have been the primary markets for the textile and clothing exports with a market share of 35 percent and 46 percent respectively. Foreign Direct Investment has been an important vehicle for economic expansion in the emerging markets countries. Egypt has become the leading attractor of all the foreign direct investment in Africa. By the year 2008, it had attracted 56 foreign investment firms in the textile industry. The regional integration between Egypt and the United States has led to various economic implications. Improvement in Egypt’s market access to the united states. A potentially significant aspect of a preferential agreement with the United States has advanced access to the US markets for Egypt. (Melo & Tsikata, 2015). Important US quotas and tariffs remain on most of the Egyptian products. The ‘US International Trade Commission reports that out of the top 100 products that are imported from Egypt, only 16 products enter the United States duty-free. 22 of the remaining products face tariffs of less than 5%, 29 face tariffs which range from 5-15% and 26 products face tariffs higher than 15 percent. Hence, the export price of Egypt in the United States markets increases For Johnson and Martin Ltd company, Saudi Arabia is one of the most critical export markets. It is the biggest free economic market in the Middle East and holds 25 percent of the GDP (Rabie, 2013). It has a huge population of customers of about 400 million with high purchasing power. Also, its geographical location makes it a perfect entrance to European, African and Asian markets. The local market is experiencing a rapid continuous expansion. The Saudi Riyal is regarded to be one of the most stable currencies in the world (Alkhareif et. al., 2017). The Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MCI) has ensured that there are no obstacles which might present a barrier in the facilitation of the works of the ‘industrial investment facilities’. It has come up with methodologies and mechanisms of issuing licenses and services for the national factories. The most crucial procedure that has been put forward involves dividing the industrial licensing to two stages: issuing of a tempo rary license that is valid for one year and which is renewable and final licensing that is renewed after every 3 years. The government of Saudi Arabia has employed measures such as privatization among others to attain a more equitable distribution of income and wealth. Since 1980, constant public efforts have been applied to expand the economic base in substitute of the reliance on the hydrocarbon natural resources for the public revenues and economic output (Al-Rushaid, 2010). The government was aware that the economy ‘was simply resource-based and rentier in nature, with economic growth or contraction dependent on the price and output of the oil’. Nonetheless, this economic prospect was no longer plausible. The government accorded the private sector greater role in the development to improve the output, employment, and investment. The government adopted another mechanism to ensure that the private sector’s role in the economy is strengthened. These measures include promotion of non-oil exports, support to SMEs, increase of the competitiveness of the domestic products in local and twenty foreign markets and improvement of the regulatory and investment environment. Research conducted by analysts at Technavio have revealed that the retail market in Saudi Arabia will expand steadily at a CAGR of more than 7 percent by 2020. High urbanization, rising personal income, and high consumer confidence index has allowed private consumption the most imperative component of Saudi Arabia’s economy (Zain, Kassim, & Kadasah. 2017)These factors have also attracted many retailers all over the world into the market by increasing cost and competition in the major urban areas. The increase in competition will, therefore, create more pressure on the profit margins of those operating in the retail sector. The situation will provide investors the opportunity to exploit the new regions with more growth potential. Most of the population in Saudi Arabia are very traditional; however, with the increase in exposure to an international fashion brand, internet savvy, and young population have adopted new styles and designs. Hence, this preference for goods with the n ew design will improve generate capital for the investors. The establishment of the Gulf co-operation (GCC) between Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, and Oman happened in 1982. The GCC has made progress from a Free Trade Area (FTA) to the Customs Union in 2003 and a Common Market in 2008 (Delgado, 2016). Launching of the common market eased the movement of goods and services. Firms and investors from the GCC states are active in mergers and acquisitions. From 1999, many transactions with a known value of $573 billion have already been made. It is worth noting that these mergers and acquisitions are very important investors in the cross-border M&A abroad. In my research, I was able to realize that all the three countries present the same opportunities. Thereis theexistence of a high demand for value-added products for the young people (Diaz et.al., 2015). Also, there is a market niche that exists in the three countries for branded products. For instance, internet savvy and young population in Saudi Arabia have adopted new styles and designs. Hence, investors can come up with a quality brand that will satisfy them. There is a high potential to invest in Egypt and Turkey due to high cotton production, spinning and finishing processes. Turkey has a high population of young people who are the target for the Johnson and Martin Ltd compared to Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Some of the threats for the company are second-hand clothing which is imported from Europe and the United States. The company might experience stiff competition from other countries such as Turkey, India, and China. Furthermore, popular brands for the young generation might be imitated. Lastly, tradition and culture pose a great threat to some of the products particularly in Egypt and Saudi Arabia who are adopting some of the new fashions. To sum it all, Johnson and Martin Ltd has the opportunity to invest in the three countries. However, market opportunity assessment of the three states is the most effective method of determining the most suitable country to invest. Turkey presents a great opportunity due.   to its location and alarge population of theyoung population. It also produces a lot of cotton and is a major exporter. Turkey has a wonderful business climate that is very friendly to investors. Nonetheless, it’s interventionist policies are holding the country back. On the other hand, Egypt has many drawbacks such as poor control of finances and shortages. The country also has a lot to do to attract most of the investors who do not tolerate excessive bureaucracy among other issues. Saudi Arabia is the third state whose economy has flourished in the United Arab Emirates. Market expansion in the country has attracted many investors who have contributed to the growth of the economy. The country presents a great opportunity due to the young generation that adopting international fashion. In terms of opportunity and threats, Turkey is the most promising since it has many opportunities and few threats. As a marketing consultant, I recommend Johnson and Martin Ltd to consider entering Turkey first. Turkey has a large market niche to be exploited with thehumongous young population. Turkey also provides the friendliest environment for the investors. In spite of the clothing it produces, it will allow market growth due to its location. Moreover, a unique brand needs to be introduced into the market to prevent competition from within and abroad. The best market entry strategy is through a Turkish Agent. The agent will provide information on the local regulatory framework, valuable business contact, and language assistance. As the business expands, the firm may open branchesand make more local savingsto increase the market share. Alkhareif, R.M., Barnett, W.A. and Qualls, J.H., 2017. Has the Dollar Peg Served the Saudi Economy Well?  International Finance and Banking,  4(1), p.145. Al-Rushaid W. (2010). Strengthening of National Capacities for National Development Strategies and Their Management: An Evaluation of UNDP's Contribution. United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved from: https://web.undp.org/evaluation/documents/thematic/cd/Saudi-Arabia.pdf De Melo, J., and Tsikata, Y., 2015. Regional integration in Africa: Challenges and prospects. Delgado, P.A.A.D.L., 2016.  The United Arab Emirates case of economic success: the Federal Government Economic Policies (Doctoral dissertation). Diaz, A., Hill, J., Jenkins, R., Kay, A., Pye, A., Morley, D. and Tejedor Garavito, N., 2015. A SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) evaluation of university student-staff partnerships in co-creating educational resources, peer support and research within STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics) subjects.  Journal of Scientific Research & Reports,  5(2), pp.161-170. Frieden, J., 2015.  Banking on the world: the politics of American international finance. Routledge. Gonzalez-Vicente, R., 2015. The limits to China's non-interference foreign policy: pro-state interventionism and the rescaling of economic governance.  Australian Journal of International Affairs,  69(2), pp.205-223. Hollensen, S (2017). Global Marketing (7 th . Ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd https://mci.gov.sa/en/Agencies/IndustrialAffairs/Documents/Industry%20in%20the%20Kingdom.pdf Joffe, G. and Vasconcelos, A. eds., 2014.  The Barcelona Process: Building a Euro-Mediterranean Regional Community  (Vol. 5, No. 1). Routledge. Jullens, John (2013). How Emerging Giants can take the World, Harvard Business Review, (91)12:121-125 Kanat, E.A., 2004.  Impacts of customs union membership over european union originated capital inflows to turkey  (Doctoral dissertation, Yeditepe ÃÅ"niversitesi). Kaplinsky, R. and Morris, M., 2014. Developing industrial clusters and supply chains to support diversification and sustainable development of exports in Africa.  Report for the African Export-Import Bank. Cairo: African Export-Import Bank. Kiri?ci, K., 2012. The EU, Turkey, and the Arab Spring: Challenges and operations for regional integration.  Global Turkey in Europe, p.195. Leigh, N.G., and Blakely, E.J., 2016.  Planning local economics development: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Loewe, M., 2013. Industrial policy in Egypt 2004-2011. Rabie (2013). Industry in KSA: Persistent Renaissance. Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Retrieved from: Salahuddin, M. and Gow, J., 2014. Economic growth, energy consumption and CO 2 emissions in Gulf Cooperation Council countries.  Energy,  73, pp.44-58. Tuncel, O. (2017).   Diplomacy in action. Central Bank of Turkey Zain, M., Kassim, N. and Kadasah, N., 2017. Isn’t It Now a Crucial Time for Saudi Arabian Firms to be more Innovative and Competitive?  International Journal of Innovation Management,  21(03), p.1750021. .com boasts a pool of 3000+ experts from different backgrounds, who are solely dedicated to providing premier quality assignment help. Due to the diversity in our expert team, we are capable of providing academic assistance in more than 100 subjects. Some of our popular services include math assignment help , economic assignment help , accounting assignment help , statistics assignment help , law assignment help and more at a reasonable price. You are required to write a researched argument essay that convinces persuades the reader of your position / stance. This is an academic, researched and referenced do... Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to elaborate the factors which are considered by individuals before selecting an occupation. Choosing an occupati... Introduction With the increase enhancement in the field of technology, it has been considered essential by the businesses to implement such technology in their b... Executive Summary In a merger & acquisition, role of an HR has emerged as a very critical function. At each stage of merger and acquisition process, HR plays a s... Introduction In this competitive business environment where every business organization is trying to attract the customers of each other, it becomes essential for ... Masters of MSc in Economics 2594 - Completed Orders PhD in Chemistry with Specialization in Organic 234 - Completed Orders MSc in Psychology 1896 - Completed Orders Ph.D in Project Management with Specialization in Project Communications Management 2109 - Completed Orders That's our welcome gift for first time visitors Rated 4.9 / 5 Based On 14001 Reviews Copyright  © 2019 .com. All Rights Reserved Disclaimer: The reference papers provided by .com serve as model papers for students and are not to be submitted as it is. These papers are intended to be used for research and reference purposes only.

Name etymology theme Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Name etymology theme - Essay Example Neither of these names is rare or unusual for my country, yet there are some interesting points to concentrate upon while researching their etymology. First of all, I would like to mention that my first name, Mai, actually exists in several different cultures and languages. For instance, Mai is as popular Japanese name meaning "brightness" (www.babynames.com). In some languages of the Native Americans, Mai meant "coyote" (www.babynameworld.com). Mai can be regarded as a pet name from Margaret (from Latin "pearl") or Mary (from Hebrew "bitter" or Latin "the star of the ocean"). The name Mai exits in the Swedish and Chinese languages as well. In Vietnam, the names given to the girls normally have literal meanings associated with beauty or art - very often the etymology of the names is connected with the names of flowers, plants or birds. So, my name Mai in Vietnamese means "cherry blossom". (Female Vietnamese names) In Vietnamese, Mai is a very popular name for girls, and as far as my family's history is concerned, the reason why I was given this name was that my Dad obviously wanted me to be very much like my Mum whose middle name is Mai as well, and therefore he insisted that I should be named this way. Thi is, according to the research, the most popular female middle name, and it means "ancestry", "clan".

Developing an Integrated Marketing Communications Strategy Essay

Developing an Integrated Marketing Communications Strategy - Essay Example This paper will focus on developing an integrated marketing communication strategy for Selfridges, a departmental store located in London, United Kingdom. The objectives of the marketing strategy will include: increasing awareness of the products and brand visibility, increasing company sales, and customer base, enlarging the marketing channels and integrating the marketing content to convey a similar message that focuses on product quality and excellent customer shopping experience ad service. These objectives will be achieved by launching a comprehensive marketing campaign that will focus on several marketing channels. These channels include offline, online, mobile and social media marketing strategies. The department store is also called Selfridge & Co. It is a chain of high-end departmental stores that was founded by Gordon Harry Selfridge. The basis of the store's success is the innovative marketing strategies that have been used over time. For example, at the initial stages, Go rdon used creativity to making shopping adventurous by putting merchandise on display so that customers would be attracted to the departmental stores. He put highly profitable items at the front end so that customers could easily see them. He made policies that made it easy and safe for customers to shop. These techniques have been developed by other departmental stores worldwide. The stores have a slogan that says that the customer is always right. The company has successfully launched profitable advertising campaigns based on this slogan. Following their good customer focus and creative marketing strategy, the stores are very popular and register high profits year after year.

Love :: essays research papers

In 1606 William Shakespeare, the Bard of Avon, wrote a play which would go down in history as the cursed Scottish play after numerous mishaps during production. It was written for his new patron, James I (James VI of Scotland), following the death of Queen Elizabeth. James was interested in witchcraft and Scotland, and hence the themes in the play. Banquo is James's ancestor. The play itself tells the story of a man, urged by his wife and foretold by prophecy, who commits regicide in order to gain power. Unfortunately, due to numerous quirks of language and obscure allusions, the play is difficult to understand without assistance. Using this annotated version along with external links and analysis, to more information, you can now get a better grasp of one the best tragedies ever written, the tale of Macbeth. Notes on reading this: The summaries, notes, and definitions are all stored in large files that serve you throughout the play. It is a good idea to let them load completely into your browser's cache the first time you access them, and from then on there will be a minimal de lay. Try reading through quickly, trying to get the gist and not dwelling on specific phrases. Then come back and use the annotation, as well as your knowledge of English and what is going on, to decipher the wit and depth of each line. Any differences in spelling of words between the glossary and the text are the result of version differences that pop up in various editions of Shakespeare's works and aren't important. You are encouraged to look up any words not defined here using the on-line dictionary, but please let us know so we can add them to our list of words as well.

Mate Selection

It is not uncommon for individuals to bargain with themselves in an effort to create motivation where none exists: If I get the lawn mowed before noon, I’ll spend the rest of the day watching football; if I lose five pounds, I’ll buy that new dress.   Sometimes, when individuals bargain, it isn’t as much for motivation as it is for justification: If my boss won’t give me that raise, I’ll stop working those extra hours; I had every right to flip that guy off because he cut right in front of me. These are instances in which the bargaining is self-motivated, self-serving, and self-indulgent, and while effective and perhaps necessary, the stakes in most of these circumstances isn’t necessarily high.   After all, who’s going to know or care if a yard goes unmowed, a dress is prematurely purchased, an extra hour isn’t spent at one’s desk, or a flip-off wasn’t honestly deserved?   However, when it comes to choosing a mate in a relationship, the role played by bargaining carries a much higher stake, and the consequences of poor judgment while bargaining and/or poor bargaining tactics can be devastating. The degree to which bargaining occurs during the mate selection process varies from person to person as do the focal point(s) of the bargain; however, there are a number of areas that are particularly intriguing. â€Å"The Necessities and Luxuries of Mate Preferences: Testing the Tradeoffs† (2002)  focuses on the degree to which â€Å"women and men first ensure sufficient levels of necessities in  potential mates before considering many other characteristics† (Li, Bailey, Kenrick, &  Linsenmeier).   Factors such as a potential mate’s attractiveness and social status are essential  according to Li, et al. (2002); however, because their research placed greater emphasis on  realistic economic potential as opposed to that of previous research (which allowed for  speculation regarding â€Å"how to spend imaginary lottery winnings†), a pattern that had not  previously emerged became clear: the sexes do not always agree on what constitutes a  Ã¢â‚¬Å"necessity† versus what constitutes a â€Å"luxury† (Li, et al., 2002). American social construct is partially responsible for this difference.   Men are far more likely to have access to â€Å"status, power, and resources†; therefore, these are deemed â€Å"necessary† traits by women who seek a mate.   On the other hand, men view women as the means by which offspring can be produced, and based on this, they see physical attractiveness and age as â€Å"necessary† factors in mate selection (Li, et al., 2002).   Obviously, this requires a great degree of bargaining as the two subjects are (at least initially) focused on absolutely different traits while evaluating a potential mate Where Li, et al. conclude that much of the bargaining that occurs in mate selection is based on the differences between what men and women consider â€Å"necessary,† â€Å"Gender Socialization: How Bargaining Power Shapes Social Norms and Political Attitudes,† (2005) examines the social dynamics that might be responsible for creating the basis for the differences between the sexes regarding what is â€Å"necessary† (Iversen & Rosenbluth). Iversen and Rosenbluth (2005) focus on the issue of patriarchy â€Å"and explore its effects on female social, economic, and political status† in order to evaluate â€Å"mate choice preferences between agricultural, industrial, and post-industrial societies.†Ã‚   This research was an intriguing undertaking, and what it revealed was the effect that social structure had on the bargaining that took place in mate selection. Social settings that required brawn (i.e. the agricultural and industrial periods) required women willingly bargain to find a mate who was physically capable of performing basic household and wage-earning duties (Iverson & Rosenbluth).   Women often bargained for a mate with physical strength by giving up living arrangements, locations, and circumstances.   Because women of the agricultural and industrial periods were not physically capable of performing some tasks and legally barred from others, there was little choice but for them to put aside almost everything but sheer physical strength when undertaking bargaining during mate selection (Iversen & Rosenbluth). When the post-industrial period was examined, two significant differences were seen.   First, because the need for physical prowess to survive at home and at work had diminished, women were far less likely to bargain away everything simply to secure a strong man.   â€Å"Once employment opportunities for women [began to approach] those of men in quantity and quality, socialization [began] to shift away from [women’s] ‘playing the marriage market’ † (Iversen & Rosenbluth). No longer would women willingly pack up and move hundreds of miles away from all family and all friends, nor would they automatically settle for a man of lower social and economic status in order to marry brawn—women could consider themselves wage-earners and be more choosey when it came to potential mates (Iversen & Rosenbluth). The second phenomenon that was revealed was â€Å"the declining importance of virginity† that factored into the bargaining (Iversen & Rosenbluth).   Where women of the agricultural and industrial periods had to secure their virginity absolutely, women of the post-industrial period were not as likely to be dismissed as ineligible brides by the men of the era simply because they were no longer virgins.   This degree of personal control had a freeing effect on women who began to see themselves as capable of autonomy (Iversen & Rosenbluth). Much of this seems to indicate a breaking away on the part of women, and Iversen and Rosenbluth (2005) conclude that â€Å"while mate preferences in agrarian societies seemed to reflect an inevitable female resignation to their subordination, modern mate preferences are more egalitarian, and the gender gap in policy preferences suggest that many women are hoping to use the democratic state to make them more egalitarian still.† Given the number of times a day an individual is likely to bargain with him/herself over routine actions or mundane decisions, it seems reasonable that a great deal of bargaining go into something as significant as the selection of one’s mate.   Research seems to indicate that like other acknowledged differences that exist between the sexes, the degree to which certain factors influence bargaining with and selection of a potential mate may depend on the gender of the evaluator. Further, it seems that as time passes and the more independent women become, the more the evaluative items regarding what is â€Å"necessary† may change in the minds of both males and females. References Iversen, T. & Rosenbluth, F.   (2005).   Gender socialization: How bargaining power shapes social norms and political attitudes.   Retrieved October 22, 2006. Li, N. P., Bailey, J. M., Kenrick, D. T., & Linsenmeier, J. A. W.   (2002).   The necessities and luxuries of mate preferences: Testing and tradeoffs.   Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6). Retrieved October 22, 2006               

Of Mice and Men Summary

Of Mice and Men is John Steinbeck’s best-known work. The 1937 novella tells the story of George Milton and Lennie Small, two migrant workers who travel from farm to farm in search of work in Depression-era California. Chapter 1 The story begins with two childhood friends, George Milton and Lennie Small, who are traveling through California in search of work. Lennie is drinking from a puddle of standing water, and George reproaches him. When Lennie stops drinking the water, George reminds him that they only have a little way to go until they arrive at their next farm. George notices that Lennie isn’t really listening; instead, Lennie has been focusing on petting a dead mouse that’s in his pocket. George mentions that Lennie picked up the habit from his Aunt Clara, then reminds Lennie that he always used to kill the mice. George angrily tosses the mouse into the woods. The two men settle down in the woods for the night. They eat a dinner of beans and talk by the fire about their dreams of making enough money to buy land of their own, with rabbits to care for. Chapter 2 The next morning, George and Lennie arrive at the ranch and meet their boss (referred to only as the Boss). The Boss tells them that they were supposed to arrive the night before; thanks to their delayed arrival, they will have to wait until the next day to start working. During the conversation, George speaks for both himself and Lennie, which frustrates the Boss. However, once Lennie finally speaks, the Boss agrees to hire the men. Next, George and Lennie meet Curley, the son of the Boss. Curley tries to intimidate them—especially Lennie—but once he leaves, they learn some gossip about his character from Candy, one of the ranch hands. Candy explains that Curley is a good fighter who made it to the finals of the Golden Gloves, but that he is mad at [big guys] because he aint a big guy. Curleys wife briefly appears and introduces herself to George and Lennie. Lennie cant take his eyes off of her, but the farm hands warn him against talking to her and describe her as flirtatious and a tart. Lennie frets about having to fight Curley, but George reassures him and instructs him to go to their predetermined hiding place should a fight begin to brew. Lennie and George also meet two other ranch hands—Slim and Carlson—and learn that Slims dog has recently given birth to a litter of puppies. Chapter 3 In the bunk house, George and Slim meet up. George thanks Slim for allowing Lennie to take one of the puppies. As the conversation continues, George tells Slim the truth about why he and Lennie left their previous farm: Lennie, who loves to touch soft things, tried to pet a woman’s red dress, leading people to think that he had raped her. George explains that Lennie is a gentle person and that he never raped the woman. Candy and Carlson arrive, and the conversation turns to the topic of Candys elderly dog. Candy clearly loves the animal and doesnt want to let him go, but he also recognizes that the dog is suffering; plus, according to Carlson, we cant sleep with him stinkin around in here. Candy finally agrees to let the dog go, and Carlson takes the dog away with a shovel to end its life. Later, George and Lennie discuss their plan to save up some money and buy land of their own. With childlike fascination and hope, Lennie asks George to describe more and more elements of the imagined farm. Candy overhears the conversation and says that he wants to join in using his own savings. George is skeptical at first, but he eventually agrees to let Candy in on the plan, convinced by the fact that Candy has considerable money saved up already. The three men agree to keep the plan a secret. As they make this pact, an annoyed Curley appears and starts to pick a fight with Lennie. Lennie doesnt want to fight and begs George for help. Curley punches Lennie in the face and, going against his own promises to protect Lennie, George encourages Lennie to fight back.  In nervous retaliation, Lennie grabs Curley’s fist in his own and squeezes; as a result, Curley starts â€Å"flopping like a fish on a line.† Lennie and Curley are separated, and it becomes clear that Curley’s hand is shattered. He is rushed to the doctor, but not before he and the others agree not to say a word about what has happened to anyone else. Once Curley has been taken away, George explains that Lennie only acted that way because he was scared. He then tries to calm his friend by telling him that he didn’t do anything wrong and that he can still tend the rabbits on their land. Chapter 4 That night, after everybody else has gone into town, Lennie is out on the farm visiting his puppy. He walks past the room of Crooks, the African American stable-hand who lives in separate lodging because the other farm hands wont allow him in the bunk house. The two men start talking, and Crooks asks him some probing questions about his relationship with George. At one point Crooks suggests that George won’t return that night, which frightens Lennie, but Crooks settles him down. Lennie lets slip that he, George, and Candy are planning on saving up for their own piece of land. Upon hearing this, Crooks calls the idea â€Å"nuts,† and says that â€Å"ever’body wants a little piece of lan’†¦nobody gets no land. It’s jus’ in their head.† Before Lennie can respond, Candy enters and joins in the conversation, also talking about their plan to buy some land. At this, Crooks once again expresses his skepticism, though Lennie and Candy remain unconvinced. Unexpectedly, Curley’s wife appears, mentioning that she is looking for Curley and drawing the attention of the three men as she flirts with them. The men tell her that they don’t know where Curley is. When she asks how Curley hurt his hand, the men lie, saying that it got caught in a machine. Curleys wife angrily accuses the men of covering up the truth, and Crooks tells her to leave. This response angers her even further; she hurls racial epithets at Crooks and threatens to have him lynched. Powerless, Crooks averts his gaze and apologizes flatly to her. Candy tries to come to Crooks’ defense, but Curley’s wife retorts that nobody would believe them over her. Before slipping out, she says she’s glad Lennie crushed Curley’s hand. As  soon as Curleys wife exits, the three men hear the other farm hands. Lennie and Candy return to the bunk house, leaving Crooks to himself once again. Chapter 5 The next afternoon, Lennie sits in the barn with his puppy, which has died as a result of his indelicate touch. As he buries the body, Lennie worries that George will find out and that the revelation will cause George to forbid Lennie from tending rabbits on their farm. Curley’s wife enters the barn. Lennie blurts out that he is not supposed to talk to her, but they converse nevertheless. Curleys wife describes her youthful dreams—now crushed—of becoming a Hollywood actress, as well as her resentment towards her husband. Lennie then tells Curleys wife about how he likes to pet soft things, like rabbits. Curleys wife lets Lennie stroke her hair, but Lennie clasps her too tightly and she squirms in his grip. Lennie shakes her —so hard that â€Å"her body flopped like a fish†Ã¢â‚¬â€and breaks her neck. He runs off. Candy discovers the body of Curleys wife in the barn. He runs to get George, who, immediately recognizing what Lennie did, decides that they should walk away and let the others find the body. Once Curley learns the news, he quickly decides that Lennie must have killed her. Curley and the other farm hands set off to kill Lennie in revenge—only they can’t locate Carlson’s Luger pistol. George is supposed to join the search party, but he sneaks away, knowing that Lennie has gone to their pre-established hiding spot. Chapter 6 Lennie sits by the river, waiting for George and worrying about how he might react. He begins to hallucinate; first, he imagines that he is talking to his Aunt Clara, then, he imagines a conversation with a giant rabbit. George arrives at the hiding spot. He reassures Lennie that he wont leave him and describes the land theyll own together, which calms Lennie down. As the two men are talking, George can hear Curleys search party closing in. He raises Carlson’s Luger pistol to the back of Lennie’s head, so that Lennie cannot see it. George hesitates at first, continuing to calmly tell Lennie about their farm, but just before Curley and the others arrive, he finally pulls the trigger. The other men take in the scene. Slim tells George that he did what he had to do, and Carlson remarks to Curley, â€Å"Now what the hell ya suppose is eatin’ them two guys?†